Linguistics Exercises

Languages

• English. D0: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, North Sea Germanic.
• French. DƐ: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Oïl.
• German. GƐ: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic.
• Chinese. VƐ: Sino-Tibetan.
• Spanish. Dᘔ: Italic, West Iberian.
• Russian. Vᘔ: Balto-Slavic, East Slavic.
• Arabic. Vᘔ: Semitic.
• Hindustani. Ʃᘔ. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi.
• Japanese. Ʃᘔ: Japonic.
• Italian. G9: Indo-European, Italic, Italo-Dalmatian.
• Korean. Ʃ9: Koreanic.
• Persian. Ȝ9: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian, Southwestern Iranian.
• Portuguese. V8: Italic, West Iberian.
• Dutch. V8: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Weser-Rhine Germanic.
• Swedish. Ʃ8: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Indonesian. Ȝ8: Austronesian.
• Danish. Ʃ7: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Hebrew. Ʃ7: Afro-Asiatic, Central Semitic.
• Swahili. Ʃ7: Niger-Congo, Bantu.
• Tagalog. Ȝ7: Austronesian.
• Polish. Ȝ7: Balto-Slavic, West Slavic.
• Pashto. S7: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern Iranian, Southeastern Iranian.
• Bengali. Ɯ7. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern Indo-Aryan, Bengali-Assamese.
• Norwegian. Ʃ6: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Serbo-Croatian. Ȝ6: Balto-Slavic, South Slavic.
• Latin. F6: Italic.
• Malagasy. S6: Austronesian.
• Telugu. Ɯ6. Dravidian, South-Central Dravidian.
• Tamil. Ɯ6. Dravidian, South Dravidian.
• Malayalam. Ɯ6. Dravidian, South Dravidian.
• Czech. Ȝ5: Balto-Slavic, West Slavic.
• Romanian. Ȝ5: Italic, Eastern Romance.
• Bulgarian. F5: Balto-Slavic, South Slavic.
• Old Norse. S5: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Anglo-Saxon. S5: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, North Sea Germanic.
• Nepali. Ɯ5. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northern Indo-Aryan, Eastern Pahari.
• Gujarati. Ɯ5. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Indo-Aryan.
• Marathi. Ɯ5. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Southern Indo-Aryan, Marathi-Konkani.
• Esperanto. B4: constructed, auxiliary.
• Catalan. Ȝ4: Italic, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance.
• Ukrainian. Ȝ4: Balto-Slavic, East Slavic.
• Yiddish. Ȝ4: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic.
• Lithuanian. F4: Balto-Slavic, Baltic.
• Kurdish. Ɯ4: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian, Northwestern Iranian.
• Kashmiri. Ɯ4. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Dardic, Eastern Dardic.
• Punjabi. Ɯ4. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Indo-Aryan.
• Afrikaans. V3: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Weser-Rhine Germanic.
• Haitian. Ʃ3: Italic, Gallo-Romance, Oïl.
• Jamaican. Ȝ3: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, North Sea Germanic.
• Icelandic. Ȝ3: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Church Slavonic. F3: Balto-Slavic, South Slavic.
• Alemannic. F3: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic.
• Bavarian. F3: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic.
• Slovene. S3: Balto-Slavic, South Slavic.
• Ossetian. S3: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern Iranian, Northeastern Iranian.
• Neapolitan. S3: Italic, Italo-Dalmatian, Southern Italian.
• Sicilian. S3: Italic, Italo-Dalmatian, Extreme Southern Italian.
• Ossetian. Ɯ3: Iranian.
• Slovak. F2: Balto-Slavic, West Slavic.
• Faroese. F2: Germanic, North Germanic.
• Low German. S2: Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, North Sea Germanic.
• Romanesco. F2: Italic, Italo-Dalmatian, Central Italian.
• Piedmontese. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic.
• Venetian. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Italo-Dalmatian.
• Ligurian. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic.
• Lombard. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic.
• Emilian. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic.
• Romagnol. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic.
• Franco-Provençal. S2: Indo-European, Italic, Gallo-Romance.
• Latvian. S2: Balto-Slavic, Baltic.
• Belarusian. S2: Balto-Slavic, East Slavic.
• Macedonian. S2: Balto-Slavic, South Slavic.
• Ido. D1: constructed, auxiliary.
• Interlingua. D1: constructed, auxiliary.

Resources

• Duolingo. Dᘔ: practical learning.
• Tatoeba. Gᘔ: collection of example sentences.

Linguistics School